Interpreting the Hepatitis B Panel

 

Test Panel

HBsAg Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
anti-HBc Hepatitis B Core Antibody (IgG and/or IgM)
anti-HBs Hepatitis B Surface Antibody
IgM anti-HBc Hepatitis B Core Antibody (IgM; a subclass of anti-HBc)

 

Tests Results Interpretation
HBsAg
anti-HBc
anti-HBs
negative
negative
negative
Susceptible
HBsAg
anti-HBc
anti-HBs
negative
negative
positive with > 10mIU/mL*
Immune due to vaccination
*Note: Post-vaccination testing, when recommended, should
be done one to two months following dose #3
HBsAg
anti-HBc
anti-HBs
negative
positive
positive
Immune due to natural infection
HBsAg
anti-HBc
IgM anti-HBc
anti-HBs
positive
positive
positive
negative
Acutely infected
HBsAg
anti-HBc
IgM anti-HBc
anti-HBs
positive
positive
negative
negative
Chronically infected
HBsAg
anti-HBc
anti-HBs
negative
positive
negative
Four interpretations possible, The person might be:
1. Recovering from acute HBV infection (Window phase)
2. Distantly immune from previous HBV infection and the
test is not sensitive enough to detect a very low level of
anti-HBs
3. Susceptible to infection, false positive anti-HBc
4. Chronically infected, but with undetectable levels of HBsAg

 

Sources:

CDC Interpretation of Hepatitis B Panel available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/b/Bserology.htm.

Lok, A. Serologic diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection. UpToDate version 14.1 (last updated May, 2005).